Battery Pass Ontology
Combined Battery Pass vocabulary covering all mandatory and optional data attributes required by REGULATION (EU) 2023/1542 (EU Battery Regulation) and DIN DKE Spec 99100. Modules included: Carbon Footprint, Circularity, General Product Information, Labels, Material Composition, Performance and Durability, Supply Chain Due Diligence.
The carbon footprint of the battery, calculated as kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per one kWh of the total energy provided by the battery over its expected service life, as declared in the Carbon Footprint Declaration. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.3.2
The carbon footprint performance class that the relevant battery model per manufacturing plant corresponds to. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.3.7
A web link to get access to a public version of the study supporting the carbon footprint values. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.3.8
As a non-mandatory data attribute, the battery passport should include the battery carbon footprint in absolute terms. The absolute battery carbon footprint should be calculated as kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent, without reference to the functional unit as prescribed by the battery regulation. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.3.10
The carbon footprint of the battery as share of total Battery Carbon Footprint, differentiated per life cycle stages raw material extraction, battery production, distribution and recycling. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.3.3: Raw material extraction; 6.3.4: Main production; 6.3.5: Distribution; 6.3.6: EoL/Recycling
Carbon footprint of the individual lifecycle stage
The description of the life cycle stage
Specifies the unit of measurement for a property
Symbol representation of the unit
Common code representation of the unit
Reference to a standard unit definition
Dismantling and Removal information. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.6.1.2
Contact details of sources for replacement spares. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.6.1.3 - 6.6.1.4
Share of material recovered from waste present in active materials for each battery model per year and per manufacturing plant. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.6.2.3 - 6.6.2.10
Safety measures and instructions should also take past negative and extreme events as well as the separate data attributes 'battery status' and 'battery composition/chemistry' into account. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.6.1.5
Producer or producer responsibility organisations shall make information available to distributors and end-users on the role of end-users in contributing to waste prevention. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.6.3.2 - 6.6.3.4
Postal address of supplier for spare parts.
Components available at supplier
Share of renewable material content. A renewable material is a material made of natural resources that can be replenished. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.6.2.11
Describes type for document e.g. Dismantling manual
Defines internet media type to determine how to interpret the documentURL
E-mail address of supplier for spare parts.
Web address of supplier for spare parts.
Recycled material share from pre-consumer waste (manufacturing waste, excluding run-around scrap) of the active material.
Recycled material share from post-consumer waste (end-of-life scrap) of the active material.
Safety measures and necessary safety instructions to handle waste batteries, including in relation to the risks associated with, and the handling of, batteries containing lithium.
Usable extinguishing agents referring to classes of extinguishers (A, B, C, D, K).
Prevention and management of waste batteries: Information on the role of end-users in contributing to waste prevention.
Prevention and management of waste batteries: Information on the role of end-users in contributing to the separate collection of waste batteries.
Prevention and management of waste batteries: Information on the separate collection, the take back, the collection points.
The country. For example, Germany or DE.
The postal code. For example, DE-10719 or 10719.
The street address. For example, Street 1 or Hindenburgstr. 10.
Unambiguous identification of the manufacturer of the battery, suggested via a unique operator identifier. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.2.4
State the name, trade name or mark, postal address, web address, e-mail address. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.2.3
Unique identifier of the economic operator responsible for placing the battery on the market. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.2.3
Unique identifier of the manufacturer of the battery. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.2.4
Unambiguous identification of the manufacturing facility. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.1
Postal address of the contact.
Unique identifier allowing for the unambiguous identification of each individual battery and hence each corresponding battery passport. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.2.2
Unique identifier allowing for the unambiguous identification of each individual battery and hence each corresponding battery passport.
Categories relevant for the battery passport: LMT battery, electric vehicle battery, stationary or other industrial battery >2kWh. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.5
The manufacturing date should not only relate to the battery model, but to the battery item. The date code should comply with DIN ISO 8601. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.2
Lifecycle status of the battery. Status defined from a list: 'original', 'repurposed', 'reused', 'remanufactured', 'waste'. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.7
Mass of the entire battery in kilograms. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.6
The battery passport must include information on the date of putting the battery into service. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.3
The battery passport must include information about the period for which the commercial warranty applies. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.4
Unambiguous identification of the battery model. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.2.1
Unique serial number of the individual battery item. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.2.2
Version of the DPP data schema in use, as defined in JTC-24 prEN_18223.
Level of granularity at which the DPP is issued (e.g. model, batch, item), as defined in JTC-24 prEN_18223.
Timestamp of the most recent update to the Digital Product Passport record.
Dynamic lifecycle state of the Digital Product Passport record. Changes independently of product data over the DPP lifecycle.
Economic operator code identifier.
Unique identifier of the manufacturing facility. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.1.3.1
'Separate collection' or 'WEEE label' indicating that a product should not be discarded as unsorted waste but must be sent to separate collection facilities for recovery and recycling. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.2.2 Separate collection; 6.2.3 Material symbol for Cadmium and Lead; 6.2.4 Carbon Footprint performance class; 6.2.5 Extinguishing agent
A battery passport must include the EU declaration of conformity. The EU declaration of conformity has the model structure set out in Annex IX and must contain the elements specified in the relevant modules set out in Annex VIII. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.2.7
URL to a document that includes results of test reports proving compliance in the market conformity assessment procedure with the requirements as per the technical documentation. DIN DKE Spec chapter reference: 6.2.8
URL or path to the labeling symbol image.
Explanation of the meaning of all symbols and labels (including separate collection; cadmium and lead; and carbon footprint and carbon footprint performance class symbols).
Short name of required labeling subjects
Composition of a product in general terms by specifying the cathode and anode active material as well as electrolyte. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.5.2
Component materials used: Naming the materials (as a composition of substances) in cathode, anode, electrolyte according to public standards. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.5.3-6.5.4
Hazardous substances: Name all hazardous substance (as any substance that poses a threat to human health and the environment). DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.5.4 - 6.5.6
Battery component that relates to the material
Location on a (sub-)component-level of all hazardous substances.
Short name of battery chemistry.
Clear name of battery chemistry.
Weight of component material in grams
The battery passport must contain information on the critical raw materials present in the battery. Critical raw materials must be reported if present in the battery in a concentration of more than 0.1% weight by weight.
Battery Regulation narrows reporting to substances falling under defined hazard classes and categories of the CLP regulation.
Clear name of hazardous substance
Concentration of hazardous substance in percent
Impact statements based on, e.g., REACH or GHS for all hazard classes applicable to substances in the battery.
CAS identifier of hazardous substance
Identifier of substance component.
Type classification of the battery component (e.g. Cathode, Anode, Electrolyte).
This property covers all performance related properties
Expected battery lifetime expressed in cycles, and reference test used. Expected lifetime under reference conditions for which they have been designed in terms of cycles and calendar years.
Pre-use power capability: Definition of power capability as given in Battery Regulation. Annex IV Part B, point 4 --> measurement at 80 % and 20 % SoC required. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.3.2
Maximum permitted power the battery is rated for, reflecting power limits. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.3.5
The certified usable battery energy according to the procedure in the UN GTR No 22. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.5
Expected battery lifetime expressed in cycles. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.3
Initial self-discharge in % of capacity per unit of time in defined conditions. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.4.6
Energy round trip efficiency is the ratio of net energy delivered during discharge to total energy required to restore initial state of charge. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.4.2
Rated capacity is the total number of ampere-hours (Ah) that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under reference conditions. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.2
Initial internal resistance on battery pack level. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.5.2
Expected battery lifetime in calendar years. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.2
Ratio between nominal battery power in W and battery energy in Wh. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.3.6
Nominal voltage the battery is rated for. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.11
Minimum voltage the battery is rated for. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.9
Maximum voltage the battery is rated for. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.10
Percentage of SOCE above which the battery is still considered operational. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.9
Reference test for lifetime measurements. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.5
C-rate for charge and discharge in cycle-life test. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.6
Upper and lower boundary of temperature range the battery can safely withstand. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.3-4
Energy throughput measurement. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.7
Capacity throughput measurement. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.8
Number of (full) charging and discharging cycles. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.6.4
Measured or on-board UBE performance as percentage of certified usable battery energy. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.7
Decrease over time and usage in amount of charge that a battery can deliver at rated voltage. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.4
Energy supplied by the battery from beginning of test procedure until break-off criterion is reached. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.6
In-use data attribute on capacity, corresponding with definition of rated capacity. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.3
Information about negative events such as accidents.
Periodically recorded information on operating environmental conditions including temperature. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.7.2
Remaining power capability with temperature range when relevant. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.3.3
Decrease over time and usage in amount of power that a battery can deliver at rated voltage. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.3.4
Energy round trip efficiency fade calculated from initial and remaining round trip energy efficiency. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.4.5
Change of self-discharge over time and usage. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.4.8
Current self-discharge rate in idle state at reference conditions. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.4.7
Internal resistance increase over time and usage. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.5.3
round trip efficiency at 50 percent cycle life
Initial round trip energy efficiency measured at 50% of cycle-life. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.4.3
Remaining round trip energy efficiency as state of health indicator. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.4.4
Available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of remaining capacity. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.2.8
State of charge percentage at which power capability is measured.
Power capability value at specified state of charge.
Internal resistance value in ohms.
Battery component level (pack, module, or cell).
Capacity throughput value in ampere-hours.
State of certified energy value as percentage.
Capacity fade value as percentage.
Remaining energy value in kilowatt-hours.
Remaining capacity value in kilowatt-hours.
Number of deep discharge events recorded. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.7.9
Number of overcharge events recorded. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.7.10
URL to information on accidents or incidents related to the battery. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.7.11
Cumulated time spent above upper temperature boundary.
Cumulated time spent below lower temperature boundary.
Cumulated time spent above upper temperature boundary during charging.
Cumulated time spent below lower temperature boundary during charging.
Recorded temperature value in degrees Celsius for operating environmental conditions. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.7.7.2
Remaining power capability value with timestamp.
Evolution of self discharge value as percentage.
Current self discharging rate value as percentage.
Internal resistance increase value as percentage.
remaining round trip energy efficiency value
Remaining round trip energy efficiency value as percentage.
State of charge value as percentage.
Timestamp for remaining power capability last update.
Timestamp for dynamic data attributes showing the last update time.
The battery passport must include information on responsible sourcing as indicated in the report on its due diligence policy. The report must provide data on: supply chain due diligence policy, risk management plan, summary report of third-party verification, and elaboration on access to information. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.4.2
Information on third-party supply chain assurances such as certifications, of recognised supply chain schemes. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.4.3
Supply chain indices to allow easy assessment for consumers on level of responsible sourcing. ESGE+ indices under development by the GBA (Global Battery Alliance), scoring and benchmarking sustainability performance. DIN DKE Spec 99100 chapter reference: 6.4.4
The battery passport must contain carbon footprint per functional unit of the battery as declared in the battery carbon footprint declaration in accordance with the entry into force of the implementing acts on the format of declaration. Reference: REGULATION (EU) 2023/1542 aka EU Battery Regulation
Carbon Footprint Per Lifecycle Stage Entity
The carbon footprint of the battery as share of total Battery Carbon Footprint, differentiated per life cycle stage raw material extraction, main production, distribution and end of life and recycling.
Class for units of measurement
Battery circularity information including dismantling, spare parts, recycled content, safety measures, and end-of-life information.
Dismantling and Removal information, including at least: Exploded diagrams of the battery system/pack showing the location of battery cells, disassembly sequences, type and number of fastening techniques to be unlocked, tools required for disassembly, warnings if risk of damaging parts exists, amount of cells used and layout.
The part numbers for components should be provided together with the postal address, e-mail address and web address of the sources for spare parts.
A battery passport must include recycled content information. The content information must include the percentage share of materials that have been recovered from battery manufacturing waste, for each battery model per year and per manufacturing plant.
The safety measures should be provided via the instruction manual as URL linking to PDF.
Information on end-of-life handling, waste prevention, and collection.
Component information including part name and number.
General product information for battery passport including product identification, manufacturer information, manufacturing details, and battery category.
Contact information including name, postal address, identifier, and optional email and web address.
A postal address with country, postal code, and street address.
Battery labeling information including declaration of conformity, test reports, and labels.
Entity for the definition of required battery labeling including symbol, meaning, and subject.
Battery material composition including battery chemistry, battery materials, and hazardous substances.
Detailed composition, including materials used in the cathode, anode, and electrolyte. All common cells have two electrodes and an electrolyte. The specific combination of materials used to make these components is called 'chemistry'.
Detailed composition, including materials used in the cathode, anode, and electrolyte.
Hazardous substances contained in the battery other than mercury, cadmium or lead. Substance as a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or the result of a manufacturing process.
Battery component that includes the material.
Battery performance and durability information including technical properties and condition.
Covers all capability related data attributes including rated capacity, power, energy, voltage ranges, internal resistance, and expected lifetime.
Covers all battery lifetime relevant properties including energy throughput, capacity fade, number of cycles, state of charge, and temperature information.
Power capability measurement at specific state of charge percentage.
Internal resistance measurement for battery pack, module, or cell level.
Temperature range with minimum and maximum boundaries.
Capacity throughput value with last update timestamp.
Number of full cycles value with last update timestamp.
State of certified energy value with last update timestamp.
Capacity fade value with last update timestamp.
Remaining energy value with last update timestamp.
Remaining capacity value with last update timestamp.
Temperature condition information including time spent in extreme temperatures.
Evolution of self discharge value.
Current self discharging rate value with last update timestamp.
Internal resistance increase value with last update timestamp and battery component level.
Remaining Round Trip Energy Efficiency Entity
Remaining round trip energy efficiency value with last update timestamp.
State of charge value with last update timestamp.
Remaining power capability extending PowerCapabilityAtEntity with timestamp.
Battery supply chain due diligence information including responsible sourcing reports and third-party assurances.
Static Digital Product Passport metadata as defined in JTC-24 prEN_18223. These attributes are set at issuance and describe the structure and granularity of the DPP record itself.
Dynamic lifecycle state of the Digital Product Passport record. This attribute changes over the DPP lifecycle independently of the static product data.
Dynamic timestamp recording when the Digital Product Passport record was most recently updated. Changes independently of static product data over the DPP lifecycle.
Unit for carbon footprint per energy (kg CO2e/kWh)
Unit for absolute carbon footprint (kg)
Enumeration of battery lifecycle stages as string values
Enumeration of document types
Enumeration of recyclable materials
Percentage value between 0 and 100
Enumeration of battery categories
URN format identifier for battery passport
Lifecycle status of the Digital Product Passport
Enumeration of labeling subjects
Enumeration of CLP hazard classes per Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Enumeration of battery component types
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number format
Enumeration of battery component levels
Temperature range constraint between -100 and 200 degrees Celsius